An algorithm is defined as a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous logical instructions used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. It is employed as a specification for calculations and data processing. Conditionals may be incorporated to divert execution along various routes, enabling automated decision‑making and automated reasoning. In contrast, a heuristic is described as an approach that solves problems without well‑defined correct or optimal results. Heuristics are often applied in contexts such as social‑media recommender systems, where no truly correct recommendation exists. The distinction between algorithms and heuristics is therefore highlighted by the presence or absence of guaranteed optimal outcomes. Both concepts are considered fundamental to mathematics and computer science.